Hyperthyroidism in Children: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment

What is Hyperthyroidism in Children?

Hyperthyroidism in children is a condition where the thyroid gland makes too much thyroid hormone. This small gland sits in the neck and controls how the body uses energy. When it works too fast, it can affect a child’s growth and health. In the United States, hyperthyroidism in children is less common than in adults, but it still needs careful attention. Early detection helps children feel better and grow normally.

Common Symptoms

Children with hyperthyroidism may show different signs. Sometimes, these symptoms are easy to miss. However, knowing what to look for can help parents act quickly. Here are some common symptoms of pediatric hyperthyroidism:

Fast heartbeat or pounding heart

Weight loss, even with normal eating

Feeling nervous or anxious

Trouble sleeping

Shaking hands or fingers

Increased sweating

More frequent bowel movements

Bulging eyes (in some cases)

Enlarged thyroid gland (neck swelling)

Tiredness or muscle weakness

Because these signs can look like other problems, it is important to talk to a doctor if you notice them.

Causes and Risk Factors

There are several reasons why a child might develop hyperthyroidism. Most often, it is caused by an immune system problem called Graves’ disease. In this condition, the body attacks the thyroid gland by mistake, making it work too hard. Other causes include:

Thyroid nodules (small lumps in the gland)

Thyroid inflammation (thyroiditis)

Too much thyroid medicine

Some children are more at risk. For example, those with a family history of thyroid problems or other autoimmune diseases have a higher chance. Girls are also more likely to get hyperthyroidism than boys.

How Hyperthyroidism is Diagnosed

Doctors use several steps to diagnose hyperthyroidism in kids. First, they ask about symptoms and family history. Next, they do a physical exam to check for signs like neck swelling or fast heartbeat. After that, blood tests help measure thyroid hormone levels. These tests show if the thyroid is making too much hormone. Sometimes, doctors use imaging tests, like an ultrasound, to look at the thyroid gland. In some cases, a special scan helps find the cause. Early diagnosis is key for the best results.

Treatment Options

Treatment for child hyperthyroidism depends on the cause and how severe it is. Doctors may use one or more of these options:

Medicines: Drugs called antithyroid medicines help slow down the thyroid gland. These are often the first choice for children.

Beta-blockers: These help control symptoms like fast heartbeat and shaking.

Radioactive iodine: In some cases, doctors use this to shrink the thyroid gland. However, it is less common in young children.

Surgery: If other treatments do not work, surgery to remove part or all of the thyroid may be needed.

Doctors will watch your child closely during treatment. Regular check-ups help make sure the thyroid hormone levels stay in a healthy range.

Lifestyle Tips and Home Care

Along with medical treatment, home care can help your child feel better. Here are some tips for parents:

Encourage a balanced diet with plenty of fruits and vegetables

Make sure your child gets enough rest each night

Help your child manage stress with calming activities

Keep track of symptoms and share changes with the doctor

Give medicines exactly as prescribed

With support at home, children can cope better with hyperthyroidism.

Prevention and When to See a Doctor

There is no sure way to prevent hyperthyroidism in children. However, knowing your family history can help you spot problems early. If your child shows signs like fast heartbeat, weight loss, or neck swelling, see a doctor soon. Early care can prevent serious problems. In addition, regular check-ups are important for children with a family history of thyroid disease.

If you have any concerns about your child’s health, do not wait. Talk to a pediatric specialist for advice on hyperthyroidism in children.